Learning to Sew for Beginners Part 2: Ten Techniques to Master First
Master the ten techniques detailed below and become an expert sewist in no time!
Threading the Machine:
Before you can start sewing, you need to familiarize yourself with the parts of the sewing machine and learn how to thread it properly. Begin by understanding the different components of the machine, including the spool pin, tension discs, and bobbin winder. Follow the manufacturer's instructions to thread the upper thread through the machine, ensuring it passes through all the necessary guides and tension discs. Similarly, wind the bobbin correctly and insert it into the bobbin case according to your machine's specifications.
Sewing Straight Lines:
Mastering the art of sewing straight lines is fundamental for various sewing projects. To practice this technique, start by using scrap fabric and align the edge of the fabric with the sewing machine's presser foot. Keep your eyes focused on the needle as you guide the fabric through the machine, maintaining a consistent seam allowance (i.e. the distance from the edge of the fabric). Pay attention to the speed of the machine and your hand movements to achieve smooth and straight stitches.
Changing your stitch type and length
Almost every machine will have different stitch types (some have hundreds). There are a few you will use most frequently; a straight stitch, a zig zag stitch, and a buttonhole stitch are probably at the top of that list. Generally you can select your stitch type by turning a knob or typing in a number that corresponds to the stitch type you are selecting. Next, you may want to adjust the width or length of your stitches. You can do this with the stitch width regulator and the stitch length regulator (usually knobs on the front of your machine). I would suggest grabbing some scrap fabric and testing out some stitches. See how adjusting the length and width affects the appearance of the stitches (especially on a zig zag).
Basting/Gathering
Basting and gathering stitches serve essential functions in sewing projects. Basting stitches are temporary long stitches (generally your longest straight stitch) used to hold fabric pieces together temporarily before permanent sewing. They allow for adjustments and ensure precise alignment before final stitching. Gathering stitches, on the other hand, are used to create controlled gathers or pleats in fabric, adding fullness to a garment or creating decorative effects. Gathering stitches will also be done with your longest straight stitch.
Backstitching:
Backstitching is a crucial technique used to secure the beginning and end of a seam, preventing it from unraveling over time. To backstitch, start sewing forward a few stitches, then press the reverse button on your sewing machine to sew backward over the same stitches. After sewing a short distance backward, release the reverse button and continue sewing forward along the seam line. Repeat the backstitching process at the end of the seam to reinforce it.
Seam Finishing:
Seam finishing is essential for preventing fraying and enhancing the durability of your sewing projects. There are various methods for finishing seams, including zigzag stitching, overlocking, and serging. You can also learn “fancier” techniques, like French seams or flat-felled seams. Experiment with different techniques to determine which one works best for your fabric and project. Seam finishing not only adds a professional touch to your garments but also ensures they withstand regular wear and tear.
Understanding Seam Allowance:
Seam allowance refers to the amount of fabric between the edge of the fabric and the line of stitching. It's important to understand and maintain consistent seam allowances throughout your sewing projects to ensure proper fit and construction. Most patterns specify a standard seam allowance, typically ranging from ⅜ inch to ⅝ inch. Use a seam gauge or a sewing machine foot with built-in seam guides to measure and sew accurate seam allowances.
Making and Using Bias Tape
Bias tape is a versatile sewing notion. It is made from strips of fabric cut on the bias, meaning it's at a 45-degree angle to the fabric's grain. This unique orientation gives bias tape elasticity and allows it to bend and curve smoothly around edges and corners. Sewists use bias tape to finish raw edges neatly, creating a clean and professional look on garments, quilts, and other fabric projects. It's also handy for binding edges, adding decorative accents, and creating piping. Bias tape can be purchased ready made, but it is super simple to make (especially if you have tools like these) with strips of your fabric and an iron.
Hemming:
Hemming is the process of finishing the raw edges of fabric to prevent fraying and create a clean, polished appearance. There are several techniques for hemming, including single-fold, double-fold, and blind hemming. The method you choose depends on the fabric type, garment style, and desired finish. Experiment with different hemming techniques on scrap fabric before applying them to your actual projects. With practice, you'll develop the skills to achieve neat and professional-looking hems.
Hand Sewing Techniques:
While sewing machines offer speed and efficiency, there are times when hand sewing is necessary for precision and detail work. Learning basic hand sewing techniques such as slip stitch, whip stitch, and running stitch allows you to tackle a variety of sewing tasks, including attaching buttons, hemming delicate fabrics, and making small repairs. Invest in high-quality hand-sewing needles and thread to ensure smooth and durable stitches.
